What type of monitoring is essential for ensuring effluent meets discharge regulations?

Continuous and grab sampling are essential for ensuring that effluent meets discharge regulations because they provide a comprehensive approach to monitoring water quality. Continuous sampling allows for real-time data collection of effluent characteristics, capturing variations that might occur over time due to changes in flow or influent quality. This ongoing data collection helps operators to identify potential issues immediately, thus enabling a prompt response to any deviations from regulatory limits.

On the other hand, grab sampling complements continuous monitoring by providing specific data points during specific times. This method allows for the capture of conditions that may not be detected through continuous monitoring alone. By utilizing both continuous and grab sampling, facilities can ensure a reliable assessment of their effluent quality, demonstrating compliance with discharge regulations effectively.

Other options lack the combination of thoroughness and responsiveness needed for effective monitoring. For example, bi-weekly sampling could miss critical variations, while purely visual assessments may not provide the necessary quantitative data to ensure compliance with regulatory standards.