What role do bacteria play in sewage treatment?

Bacteria play a crucial role in sewage treatment primarily by assisting in the biological degradation of organic matter. In wastewater treatment processes, bacteria break down complex organic materials, such as food waste and human waste, into simpler compounds. This process is vital as it reduces the overall volume of waste and converts harmful substances into benign byproducts, facilitating cleaner effluent release into the environment.

The action of bacteria helps in stabilizing sewage and minimizes the environmental impact by preventing pollution. Their metabolic activities are essential in different stages of sewage treatment, particularly in the activated sludge process and anaerobic digestion, where they help convert organic matter into carbon dioxide, water, and other byproducts. This biological process not only aids in waste reduction but also supports the overall effectiveness of sewage treatment systems.